晚期癌症患者痛苦体验：一项丧失与疏离死亡相关的质性研究

目的 深入了解晚期癌症患者痛苦体验,为制定个体化的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用描述性现象学的方法,进行目的性抽样,于2022年4月至6月对湖南省某三级肿瘤专科医院的安宁疗护病房的15例晚期癌症患者进行半结构式深度访谈。采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料的分析、归纳与主题提炼。结果 晚期癌症患者痛苦体验可分为3个主题、9个亚主题:丧失相关痛苦(自我完整性丧失、自我尊严感丧失、自我价值感丧失、生命意义丧失);疏离相关痛苦(社会关系疏离、情感联结疏离);死亡相关痛苦(想到死亡充满恐惧、面对死亡不安焦虑、期待死亡结束痛苦)。结论 晚期癌症患者的痛苦体验涵盖丧失、疏离、死亡多个维度,具有多样性和个体性,应提供有针对性的干预措施,从而提高其生活质量。     

Safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotypes 1–6 receiving opioid substitution therapy

BackgroundInternational guidelines recommend treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in people who inject drugs (PWID), including those on opioid substitution therapy (OST). The pangenotypic combination of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir has shown high sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12) in clinical trials. Herein, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients receiving OST.MethodsPooled data from patients with HCV genotypes 1–6 who were treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8, 12, or 16 weeks in eight Phase 2 and 3 trials were categorized by use of OST. Treatment completion, treatment adherence, SVR12, adverse events (AEs), and laboratory abnormalities were evaluated for patients receiving and not receiving OST.ResultsAmong 2256 patients, 157 (7%) were receiving OST. Compared with patients not receiving OST, OST patients were younger (mean age, 46.8 vs 52.8 years), male (69% vs 54%), white (93% vs 80%), HCV treatment-naïve (86% vs 72%), had HCV genotype 3 (60% vs 26%), and had a history of depression or bipolar disorder (43% vs 19%). Most patients completed (OST: 98% [n/N = 154/157]; non-OST: 99% [n/N = 2070/2099]) and were adherent (received ≥90% of study drug doses) to glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment (OST: 98% [n/N = 121/123]; non-OST: 99% [n/N = 1884/1905] among patients with available data). In the intention-to-treat population, SVR12 rates in OST and non-OST patients were 96.2% (n/N = 151/157; 95% CI 93.2–99.2) and 97.9% (n/N = 2055/2099; 95% CI 97.3–98.5), respectively. For OST patients, reasons for nonresponse included virologic relapse (<1%; n = 1), premature study drug discontinuation (<1%; n = 1), and loss to follow-up (3%; n = 4). AEs occurring in ≥10% of OST patients were headache, fatigue, and nausea. Drug-related serious AEs, AEs leading to study drug discontinuation, and Grade 3 or higher laboratory abnormalities were infrequent in both groups (<1%). No HCV reinfections occurred through post-treatment Week 12.ConclusionGlecaprevir/pibrentasvir is highly efficacious and well tolerated in HCV-infected patients receiving OST.     

Assessing the feasibility of hepatitis C virus vaccine trials: Results from the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study-community (HITS-c) vaccine preparedness study

Efficacy trials of preventive hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine candidates raise challenging scientific and ethical issues. Based on data from the first 3 years of a community-based prospective observational study – the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study-community (HITS-c) – this paper examines the feasibility of conducting trials of candidate HCV vaccines with people who inject drugs (PWID) in Sydney, Australia. Of the 166 PWID confirmed HCV antibody negative and eligible for enrolment, 156 (94%) completed baseline procedures. Retention was high, with 89% of participants retained at 48 weeks and 76% of participants completing at least 75% of study visits within 2 weeks of schedule. The rate of primary HCV infection was 7.9/100 py (95% CI 4.9, 12.7). Of the 17 incident cases, 16 completed at least one follow-up assessment and 12 (75%) had evidence of chronic viraemia with progression to chronic HCV infection estimated to be 6/100 py. Power calculations suggest a chronic HCV infection rate of at least 12/100 py (primary HCV infection rate 16/100 py) will be required for stand-alone trials of highly efficacious candidates designed to prevent chronic infection. However, elevated primary HCV infection was observed among participants not receiving opioid substitution therapy who reported heroin as the main drug injected (26.9/100 py, 95% CI 14.5, 50.0) and those who reported unstable housing (23.5/100 py, 95% CI 7.6, 72.8), daily or more frequent injecting (22.7/100 py, 95% CI 12.2, 42.2) and receptive syringe sharing (23.6/100 py, 95% CI 9.8, 56.7) in the 6 months prior to baseline. These data suggest that it is possible to recruit and retain at-risk PWID who adhere to study protocols and that modification of eligibility criteria may identify populations with sufficiently high HCV incidence. Results support the feasibility of large multi-centre HCV vaccine trials, including in the Australian setting.     

中老年患者院内发生静脉血栓栓塞症风险预测模型的研究

目的 了解中老年患者院内发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,并在此基础上构建风险预测模型。方法 选择2015年1月—2018年12月在某三级甲等综合性医院所有住院期间发生静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism,VTE）的55例中老年患者纳入VTE组,按照1：2的比例选择同年度入住同一科室、同一主要诊断、年龄相近、性别相同且住院期间没有发生VTE的患者108例纳入非VTE组,对两组的一般资料、Caprini血栓风险评估模型分值、合并疾病、相关实验室检查指标、可能的危险因素、用药情况等进行病例回顾研究,筛选出危险因素并利用Logistic回归进行风险预测模型的构建,并选择2013年1月—2014年12月同一医院住院期间发生VTE和非VTE患者共54例对模型进行验证。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,呼吸道感染/呼吸衰竭、肝肾疾病、饮酒史、D-二聚体浓度和Caprini血栓风险等级是中老年患者发生VTE的危险因素。结论 本研究构建的VTE风险预测模型可以对中老年患者院内发生VTE起到一定的辅助预测作用,该模型尚需由多中心大样本试验进一步验证和完善。     

The contribution of housing support workers to joined-up services

This paper explores the role of the “housing support” worker and considers the contribution the role can make to the modernization of welfare services. Although the role is inextricably linked to a growing appreciation of the relationship between housing and wellbeing the paper also considers a range of other drivers that may have had an impact on the emergence of the role. The housing support worker role may, for example, be seen as a response to developments within the social work profession as well as to wider debates about how to support adults with complex needs. The development of roles, such as the housing support worker, that work across organizational boundaries are not without their challenges. This paper explores the drivers behind the development of the housing support role and then, using data from the Supporting People Health Pilots programme evaluation, considers issues about the preparation and support required for those working in these roles to ensure that their potential contribution is maximized.     

青年原发性闭角型青光眼的临床特征

目的分析青年原发性闭角型青光眼患者的临床特点及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2019年6月山西省眼科医院17~40岁青年原发性闭角型青光眼51例(61眼)的病历资料,随访时间为6个月至2年。结果本研究中男15例(29.41%),女36例(70.59%),男女比例为1∶2.4。包括急性闭角型青光眼21眼(34.43%),慢性闭角型青光眼40眼(65.57%)。急性闭角型青光眼患者术后的视力较慢性闭角性青光眼提高且眼压控制明显。虹膜囊肿和瞳孔阻滞在急性闭角型青光眼中发生率高。晶状体厚度及眼轴长度在急性闭角型青光眼患与慢性闭角型青光眼差异无统计学意义,但前房深度慢性闭角型青光眼患者较浅。46眼(75.41%)行小梁切除术,14眼(22.95%)行抗青光眼联合白内障手术,1眼(1.64%)未行手术。术后并发症有前房积血、低眼压、脉络膜脱离、浅前房及睫状环阻塞性青光眼,多发生在慢性闭角型青光眼术后。结论青年闭角型青光眼因解剖因素在治疗时有其特殊性,急性闭角型青光眼常伴有虹膜囊肿,晶状体比较厚,而慢性闭角型青光眼常因为眼轴短,发病隐匿,术后容易引起并发症,尤其是睫状环阻塞性青光眼,治疗效果较差。     

自主开发建设西藏自治区人民医院网站

西藏自治区人民医院地处偏远地区，但经过长期发展，信息化建设已卓有成效。结合人民医院实际，自主开发建设医院网站，形成具有鲜明特色的网站，为医护人员及患者提供高质量的服务。     

Drug use functions predict cocaine-related problems in young people

Over the last decade, concern about young people and stimulant drugs has primarily focused on the use of amphetamines and ecstasy. In the United Kingdom, this concern has recently expanded to include the use of cocaine hydrochloride (powder cocaine). This study examined patterns of illicit substance use, with a particular focus on cocaine consumption, among a sample of 364 young drug users aged between 16 and 22 years. The sample was recruited using snowballing methods and respondents were interviewed in informal settings by peer interviewers. Over half the sample reported lifetime use of powder cocaine and just over 40% of these had used crack cocaine. A seven item scale was used to measure cocaine-related problems. The three most common problems endorsed by the cocaine users were impaired control, 'prioritizing spending money on cocaine over other things' and being pre-occupied with using. In a multiple regression analysis, 50% of the variance in cocaine-related problem scores was predicted by the perceived functions for cocaine use, the number of times of lifetime cocaine use and the total number of days of recent stimulant use. Use of cocaine to alleviate depressed state or negative mood was the most powerful predictor of cocaine problems. The inclusion of a functional appraisal component could be usefully incorporated in further research studies and in service assessment protocols for young people.     

中医临床处方饮片用量调研报告(妇科)

目的：调研中医妇科临床处方饮片用量，为制定中药饮片用量标准提供依据。方法：在全国不同区域，选取18个省市的21家医院，采用分层抽样和简单随机抽样相结合的方法，收集门诊中医妇科内服汤剂处方41 226张，构建中药饮片用量数据库，基于Weka数据挖掘软件进行统计分析。结果：明确了300味药物的中医妇科临床用药频次、相应的用量区间、及其与《中国药典》规定用量不相符合的155味药物具体的用量，大多数药物的临床用量区间为(36］，(912］，(1215］ 3个区间，具体集中在9，10，12，15 g等几个用量上。结论：《中国药典》部分中药的规定用量与中医妇科临床实际用量严重不符，需要修订，并为制定用量新标准提供了依据。